Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Essay - 1246 Words

Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale In The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood tells a saddening story about a not-to-distant future where toxic chemicals and abuses of the human body have resulted in many men and women alike becoming sterile. The main character, Offred, gives a first person encounter about her subservient life as a handmaid in the Republic of Gilead, a republic formed after a bloody coup against the United States government. She and her fellow handmaids are fertile women that the leaders of Gilead, the Commanders, enslave to ensure their power and the population of the Republic. While the laws governing women and others who are not in control of Gilead seem oppressive, outlandish and ridiculous, they are merely a†¦show more content†¦Even a great forefather of modern science like Galileo could not escape the grasp of the Inquisition. Thousands upon thousands of people were tortured into confessions of heresy and then relinquished of their sins by being executed in Gods name. Those who had artificially converted to Catholicism were hunted down and tried for their sins against the Catholic Church. For most, this meant a seemingly endless series of extreme tortures and a brutal death to release them of their past sins against The Catholic Church. The Handmaids Tale brings the haunting memories of the Inquisition back to life with scenes of doctors who had performed abortions prior to the Republics birth that are publicly executed for their sins against humanity. Traveling across the Atlantic to the land of freedom, the early American colonists brought all of the oppressive religious baggage with them. While many people were gaining freedoms they never had before, some women, such as those executed as the result of the Salem Witch Trials, were not so fortunate. For the next several hundred years, women continue to serve the needs of the men in power of the growing colonies. Progress is made over many centuries between the birth of the United States and the Republic of Gilead. With a quick assassination of the President of the United States and all of Congress, the United States isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1419 Words   |  6 PagesMargaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Love of God replaces love of humanity in Margaret Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale. Offred’s recollections of her past life, especially of her husband, are ones filled with passion and happiness as she remembers his tenderness towards her. Much more emphasis is put on the physical human form in her memories; she often remembers lying with her husband while she wears little or no clothing. Appreciation of the human form is an essential component of loving humanityRead More Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesMargaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale The Historical Notes are important in the way we perceive the novel as they answer many important questions raised by the novel and also enhance some of the novels main themes. The first question it answers is the one raised at the end of the novel; that is whether Offred is stepping up into the,darkness, or the, light. The reader finds out that Offred escaped Gilead, presumably into Canada, with the help of the,Underground Femaleroad. TheRead MoreEssay on The Dystopia in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dystopia in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Offred is a Handmaid in what used to be the United States, now the theocratic Republic of Gilead. In order to create Gileads idea of a more perfect society, they have reverted to taking the Book of Genesis at its word. Women no longer have any privileges; they cannot work, have their own bank accounts, or own anything. The also are not allowed to read or even chose who they want to marry. Women are taught that they should be subservientRead More Representation of Colors in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1774 Words   |  8 PagesRepresentation of Colors in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Imagine if you can, living in a world that tells you what you are to wear, where to live, as well as your position and value to society. In Margaret Atwoods novel, The Handmaids Tale, she shows us the Republic of Gilead does just that. Offred, the main character, is a Handmaid, whose usefulness is her ovaries. Handmaids are ordered to live in a house with a Commander, his wife, and once a month attempt to become pregnant byRead MoreEssay on Feminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1096 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale In The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood explores the role that women play in society and the consequences of a countryà ­s value system. She reveals that values held in the United States are a threat to the livelihood and status of women. As one critic writes, â€Å"the author has concluded that present social trends are dangerous to individual welfare† (Prescott 151).   The novel is set in the near future in Gilead, formerly the U.S., at a time whenRead MoreEssay on Feminist Ideas in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1199 Words   |  5 PagesFeminist Ideas in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale For this essay, we focused strictly on critics reactions to Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale. For the most part, we found two separate opinions about The Handmaids Tale, concerning feminism. One opinion is that it is a feminist novel, and the opposing opinion that it is not. Feminism: A doctrine advocating social, political, and economic rights for women equal to those of men as recorded in Websters Dictionary. This topic is prevalentRead MoreFeminism Lost in Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale, the human spirit has evolved to such a point that it cannot be subdued by complacency. Atwood shows Gilead as an extremist state with strong religious connotations. We see the outcome of the reversal of women’s rights and a totalitarian government which is based on reproduction. Not only is the government oppressive, but we see the female roles support and enable the oppression of ot her female characters. â€Å"This is an open ended text,†¦conscious of the possibilitiesRead MoreEssay Romantic Love in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1385 Words   |  6 PagesRomantic Love in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale In her novel The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood addresses the concept of different expression of romantic love through the eyes of Offred, a woman who has lost almost all her freedom to a repressive, dystopic society. Throughout her struggle against oppression and guilt, Offreds view evolves, and it is through this process that Atwood demonstrates the nature of love as it develops under the most austere of circumstances. The firstRead More Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale: Novel and Film Essay2075 Words   |  9 PagesMargaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale: Novel and Film The Handmaids Tale, a science-fiction novel written by Margaret Atwood, focuses on womens rights and what could happen to them in the future. This novel was later made into a movie in 1990. As with most cases of books made into movies, there are some similarities and differences between the novel and the film. Overall the film tends to stay on the same track as the book with a few minor details changed, and only two major differences. Read MoreThe Satire of Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Essay example497 Words   |  2 PagesThe Handmaids Tale has been described as a scathing satire and a dire warning! Which elements of our own society is Margaret atwood satirising and how does her satire work ? Atwood tries to open our eyes by satirising our society with a brilliant contrasting novel. Dystopian in every way, the reader encounters a world in which modern values of our society seem/ are replaceable. Showing the worst of all possible outcomes, she demonstrates that our primarily heartless, just economical thinking

Acer s Mission Statement, And The Global Sustainability...

Opportunity With our society’s rapidly increasing technological advancements it’s no question on why the IT market is growing so quickly. This growth definitely develops our society’s evolution through technology, however, it comes at the cost of our natural resources. This has led to Acer and many other companies to begin reducing their usage of these natural resources in the attempt to promote social responsibility. Acer’s mission statement, â€Å"Breaking down barriers between people and technology. Since Acer’s inception, our common goal has always been contributing to society. We believe that the more access people have to technology, the better. This is our reason for being.† Acer’s overall goal is to empower people with technology in the attempt for a better society. They have also been continually making progress in sustainability, as they have consecutively been included in the DOW Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) and the MSCI Global S ustainability Indexes. Acer is one of the leading consumer electronic companies and have taken it upon themselves to be an example to strive for. Goal The increased focus on sustainability in our society as created an entirely new market. Coupled with the growing necessity for sustainable solutions, Acer has begun dedicating itself to developing and implementing sustainability and CSR strategies into their products and services. Their plan is not just to reduce their environmental impact, but to make an effort towards both economic andShow MoreRelatedBest Buy Analysis12719 Words   |  51 PagesSensitivity Analysis 60 14. Conclusion 61 15. References 63 Executive Summary According to the Best Buy’s corporate website, the company’s â€Å"unofficial† mission statement is simple, â€Å"We’re a growth company focused on better solving the unmet needs of our customers.†1 Upon reviewing this statement, our team was motivated to construct a unique plan that expands Best Buy brand and influences new target markets, while also continuing to provide growth and development in BestRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence activities [1.2] 6.5.1 Bar and milestone charts 6.5.2 Critical path method (.2) 6.5.2.6 Lead and lag activities [6.2.3] F.3 Project duration

K-12 and Higher Education Learning Environments Free Essays

Learning Management Systems Applications Today. Emerging technologies, including distributed learning management systems, portals that connect a variety of resources (admissions, library access, advising, and technical support) under one user-friendly gateway, and electronic databases that store and merge information resources, are capable of providing the infrastructure for the redesign and integration necessary (Granger Bowman, 2003). While only slightly more than 14 percent of the technology administrators who responded to the annual Campus Computing Survey report using course management software, more than half (58 percent) have already established standards for these types of applications (Anderson Moore, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on K-12 and Higher Education Learning Environments or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of the educational initiatives in recent years have focused on improving the delivery of services by incorporating learning platforms that focus on the K-12 and higher education learning environments, such as WebCT or Blackboard. To determine how these learning platforms are being used today and for what learners, this paper will provide an overview of the features of learning management systems (LMS) that have assumed increasing importance for a wide range of corporate and government-sponsored learning environments. A comparison and evaluation of these platforms and their applicability to the different learning environments is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion. Background and Overview. In their book, Handbook of Distance Education Technology, Anderson and Moore (2003) suggest that it just makes good sense to use the technological innovations that have emerged in recent years to improve the delivery of educational services at all levels, including grades K-12 and beyond. â€Å"Technology, as an enabler of distributed resources,† they say, â€Å"furthers the practice of a systems approach requiring integration across the organization to maximize new capabilities† (p. 175). For instance, Granger and Bowman (2003) point out that learning management systems (LMS) successfully integrate the specific functions and services that students require in order to achieve academic success today; these functions and services include: 1. Access to courses, learning materials, and instructors; 2. Advising and tutorial assistance; 4. Interactions with other learners. A wide range of enterprises have recognized the advantages inherent in Internet-based learning management systems, including the military and various industries in general and educational institutions in particular; for example, the Air Force Institute for Advanced Distributed Learning’s entire recent focus has been on integrating an LMS approach to their distance learning initiatives (Westfall, 2003). For example, according to the DOD Implementation Plan for ADL, â€Å"ADL is an evolution of distributed learning (distance learning) that emphasizes collaboration on standards-based versions of reusable objects, networks, and learning management systems, yet may include some legacy methods and media† (Westfall, 2003, p. 635). To date, some educational institutions have elected to develop and deploy in-house versions of learning management systems while others have found that off-the-shelf versions satisfy their requirements; CourseInfo by Blackboard and SemesterBook, developed by Louisiana State University’s division of computing services, both of which provide a navigational framework for content and communication with instructors (Lynch, 2002). Other popular versions are WebCT (this is a delivery platform for both Internet-based and traditionally structured courses), Intralearn and WBT Systems’ TopClass (Myers White, 2001). CourseInfo by Blackboard, though, was shown to be the superior product when compared with other leading programs in a study with the former two across all measures examined, including ease of use by educators and study and total number of tasks accomplished (Jonassen, 2004). A previous study by Halloran (2000) conducted for the U. S. Air Force Academy also found Blackboard’s CourseInfo the superior application for adult learners. Likewise, Myers and White conducted a study of the efficacy of WebCT and found that although educators were for the most part receptive to the program, there were some serious constraints involved in terms of the time required for adequate planning, which was identified as the issue of highest concern for those delivering instruction using this product. Faculty found that incorporating such technology required extensive time to learn the program, convert and upload course data, and provide student training to use the Website. Time was also necessary to monitor and update existing information† (Myers White, 2001, p. 95). The authors also point out that these educators found that additional time was al,so required at the beginning of each course to bring the students back up to speed concerning the process of entering and navigating the site (Myers White, 2001). According to Anderson and Moore (2003), many of the most popular LMS applications share many of the same useful features that make them particularly useful for course management; commercial course application software such as Blackboard CourseInfo, Learning Tree, Virtual-U, and WebCT were found to help support organized course content by providing multiple perspectives on issues; archiving data automatically; incorporating the instructional strategies of modeling and scaffolding, and encourage participation, dynamic engagement, and peer feedback when faculty members incorporate these features into instructional design and delivery. These authors caution, though, that, â€Å"Unwary novices, however, may follow the somewhat linear structure of the course content features of these courseware tools† (p. 450). The research showed that recent innovations in learning management systems holds the promise of integrating structures that were previously disconnected as well as providing the ability to customize learning environments on a scope never before possible. These innovations will serve to provide all students with improved opportunities to achieve academic and professional success; they can also be reasonably expected to increase learning productivity (Lynch, 2002). The research also showed that innovative learning management strategies can help achieve the goal of helping young and adult learners regardless of whether they are distance learners or participating in a campus-based curriculum; however, even the best learning management strategies, including those with the best possible content that is precisely matched to the right business or educational objectives, will likely fail if it is poorly implemented and administered. According to Carlivati (2002), this is particularly true of learning management systems that are targeted at more sophisticated and educated adult learners. Corporate e-learning,† he says, â€Å"introduces a whole new set of change-management variables that were never of concern before, as many early adopters have discovered. These new variables range from the obvious (e. g. , introducing technology to the learning process) to the subtle (e. g. , motivating students to begin and continue an independent learning experience)† (p. 50). Young and adult learners alike were shown to be amenable to these emerging learning structures, and it is likely that additional and improved applications will be identified as these initiatives become more commonplace in the future. How to cite K-12 and Higher Education Learning Environments, Papers K-12 and Higher Education Learning Environments Free Essays Many of the educational initiatives in recent years have focused on improving the delivery of services by incorporating learning platforms that focus on the K-12 and higher education learning environments, such as WebCT or Blackboard. To determine how these learning platforms are being used today and for what learners, this paper will provide an overview of the features of learning management systems (LMS) that have assumed increasing importance for a wide range of corporate and government-sponsored learning environments. A comparison and evaluation of these platforms and their applicability to the different learning environments is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion. We will write a custom essay sample on K-12 and Higher Education Learning Environments or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background and Overview. In their book, Handbook of Distance Education Technology, Anderson and Moore (2003) suggest that it just makes good sense to use the technological innovations that have emerged in recent years to improve the delivery of educational services at all levels, including grades K-12 and beyond. â€Å"Technology, as an enabler of distributed resources,† they say, â€Å"furthers the practice of a systems approach requiring integration across the organization to maximize new capabilities† (p. 175). For instance, Granger and Bowman (2003) point out that learning management systems (LMS) successfully integrate the specific functions and services that students require in order to achieve academic success today; these functions and services include: 1. Access to courses, learning materials, and instructors; 2. Advising and tutorial assistance; 4. Interactions with other learners. Learning Management Systems Applications Today. Emerging technologies, including distributed learning management systems, portals that connect a variety of resources (admissions, library access, advising, and technical support) under one user-friendly gateway, and electronic databases that store and merge information resources, are capable of providing the infrastructure for the redesign and integration necessary (Granger Bowman, 2003). While only slightly more than 14 percent of the technology administrators who responded to the annual Campus Computing Survey report using course management software, more than half (58 percent) have already established standards for these types of applications (Anderson Moore, 2003). A wide range of enterprises have recognized the advantages inherent in Internet-based learning management systems, including the military and various industries in general and educational institutions in particular; for example, the Air Force Institute for Advanced Distributed Learning’s entire recent focus has been on integrating an LMS approach to their distance learning initiatives (Westfall, 2003). For example, according to the DOD Implementation Plan for ADL, â€Å"ADL is an evolution of distributed learning (distance learning) that emphasizes collaboration on standards-based versions of reusable objects, networks, and learning management systems, yet may include some legacy methods and media† (Westfall, 2003, p. 635). To date, some educational institutions have elected to develop and deploy in-house versions of learning management systems while others have found that off-the-shelf versions satisfy their requirements; CourseInfo by Blackboard and SemesterBook, developed by Louisiana State University’s division of computing services, both of which provide a navigational framework for content and communication with instructors (Lynch, 2002). Other popular versions are WebCT (this is a delivery platform for both Internet-based and traditionally structured courses), Intralearn and WBT Systems’ TopClass (Myers White, 2001). CourseInfo by Blackboard, though, was shown to be the superior product when compared with other leading programs in a study with the former two across all measures examined, including ease of use by educators and study and total number of tasks accomplished (Jonassen, 2004). A previous study by Halloran (2000) conducted for the U. S. Air Force Academy also found Blackboard’s CourseInfo the superior application for adult learners. Likewise, Myers and White conducted a study of the efficacy of WebCT and found that although educators were for the most part receptive to the program, there were some serious constraints involved in terms of the time required for adequate planning, which was identified as the issue of highest concern for those delivering instruction using this product. â€Å"Faculty found that incorporating such technology required extensive time to learn the program, convert and upload course data, and provide student training to use the Website. Time was also necessary to monitor and update existing information† (Myers White, 2001, p. 95). The authors also point out that these educators found that additional time was al,so required at the beginning of each course to bring the students back up to speed concerning the process of entering and navigating the site (Myers White, 2001). According to Anderson and Moore (2003), many of the most popular LMS applications share many of the same useful features that make them particularly useful for course management; commercial course application software such as Blackboard CourseInfo, Learning Tree, Virtual-U, and WebCT were found to help support organized course content by providing multiple perspectives on issues; archiving data automatically; incorporating the instructional strategies of modeling and scaffolding, and encourage participation, dynamic engagement, and peer feedback when faculty members incorporate these features into instructional design and delivery. These authors caution, though, that, â€Å"Unwary novices, however, may follow the somewhat linear structure of the course content features of these courseware tools† (p. 450). The research showed that recent innovations in learning management systems holds the promise of integrating structures that were previously disconnected as well as providing the ability to customize learning environments on a scope never before possible. These innovations will serve to provide all students with improved opportunities to achieve academic and professional success; they can also be reasonably expected to increase learning productivity (Lynch, 2002). The research also showed that innovative learning management strategies can help achieve the goal of helping young and adult learners regardless of whether they are distance learners or participating in a campus-based curriculum; however, even the best learning management strategies, including those with the best possible content that is precisely matched to the right business or educational objectives, will likely fail if it is poorly implemented and administered. According to Carlivati (2002), this is particularly true of learning management systems that are targeted at more sophisticated and educated adult learners. â€Å"Corporate e-learning,† he says, â€Å"introduces a whole new set of change-management variables that were never of concern before, as many early adopters have discovered. These new variables range from the obvious (e.g., introducing technology to the learning process) to the subtle (e.g., motivating students to begin and continue an independent learning experience)† (p. 50). Young and adult learners alike were shown to be amenable to these emerging learning structures, and it is likely that additional and improved applications will be identified as these initiatives become more commonplace in the future. How to cite K-12 and Higher Education Learning Environments, Essay examples

Nike Competition Analysis-Case Study- Free Sample

Background Information Situation Analysis For years, NIKE, Inc. has been the worldwide leader of athletic shoe sales. The companys successful brand image united competition and empowerment for the competitive, athletic user. However, NIKE is losing their grasp of the urban, casual runner. These runners exercise and run for fitness or enjoyment, avoiding the competitive atmosphere many of NIKEs current brand statements are aligned with. Nike needs to reposition their brand towards a focus on fun and functionality. By compiling and examining a variety of information we will be able to interpret where NIKE currently stands in the athletic shoe industry and how they will be able to adapt their brand position to be more successful in the future. These adaptations will allow NIKE to reach a more casual group of urban runners and consequently increase sales forecasts, while maintaining a dominating portion of the market for athletic shoes. Tight Deadlines, Unclear Tasks, Clashing Assignments Are Giving You Sleepless Night? Get Assignment Help from MyAssignmenthelp.com and Secure Your Grade Company Profile NIKE Inc. was established in 1971 by Bill Bowerman, a former track and field coach at the University of Oregon, and Phil Knight, a student-athlete at the University of Oregon. After several years of distribution under the name Blue Ribbon Sports, the duo decided to enter the athletic shoe manufacturing business. With the help of Jeff Johnson, the first employee of the company, the brand Nike was born. One year later, in 1972, a graphic design student at Portland State University developed a brand symbol that would one day be recognized globally: the Nike Swoosh. The company later adjusted its official name to NIKE, Inc.The main headquarters of NIKE Inc. have been located in Beaverton, Oregon since 1990. Leading the executive team of NIKE Inc. is Mark Parker. According to the official NIKE website, Parker joined Nike as one of our first footwear designers back in 1979, and hes been at the center of Nike innovation ever since, (About NIKE, Inc.). He is now President and CEO of the comp any. Alongside him are co-founder Philip H Knight, who serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors, and Charlie Denson, who holds the position of NIKE brand president. NIKE Inc. is a publicly traded company that sells athletic products under the NIKE brandname and affiliate brands. At the end of fiscal 2011, NIKE Inc. earned a $20.9 billion in revenue. The brand carries products for men and women and covers a range of products from cross-training shoes to the NIKE+ technology platform. Action sports, athletic training, basketball,football, soccer, running, and tennis are only a few of the many activities NIKE manufactures products for. Several NIKE affiliates specialize in one of these sports, such as NIKE Golf, a sub-branch that designs golf equipment, balls, footwear, bags, and other accessories for the global market. NIKE golf is not the only affiliate contributing to NIKE Inc. Cole Haan, a luxury brand with more than 180 retail location and a fiscal 2011 sales total of $518 million. Converse, known as Americas Original Sports Company realized $1.1 billion in sales in fiscal 2011. Hurley International, an action sports apparel company earned $25 2 million in sales that same year. Nike claims, As part of our growth strategy, we continue to invest in opportunities that will generatethe highest possible long-term returns, (About NIKE, Inc.). Altogether, the affiliate brands contributed $2.7 billion in Nike Inc. revenue last year. Industry Trends The athletic shoe industry is segmented into more than fifteen specific groups. Among those categories, running shoes is the largest. According to American Time Use Survey, between the yeras of 2003 and 2006, 7.1 percent of people over the age of 15 engaged in running as a daily activity (https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2008/sports/). Other activities include basketball, dancing, and hiking but have a lower participation rate. From the year 2005 to 2007 every retail channel, with the exception of department stores, has experienced an increase in athletic shoe sales. Shoe stores sales have increased 3.5% to $10,059 million, sporting good stores have increased 13.7% to $3,546 million, superstores have increased 7.1% to $2,072 million, and clothing stores have increased 3.9% to $1,323 million (Mintel, 2008). Sales have consistently increased within the industry. From 2002 to 2007 there has been a steady growth of about 2.8% per year . This pattern is forecast to continue through the year 2012.Although the growth rate of the industry is low, sports participation rates have never been static. There are also outside sales from users who are not looking to purchase the shoe for athletic use. According to a 2008 survey, only 19% of people purchase athletic shoes solely for sports orexercise (Mintel, 2008).Other factors that affect the purchase of athletic shoes are comfort, price, performance, style, brand, technology, and endorsement. In the same 2008 survey, users revealed they rate comfort at 99% importance and price at 94% importance. It is important to realize that, even though the respondents in the survey indicated only 13% importance to celebrity endorsement, there has been research that shows this is inaccurate. Mintel believes respondents may be understating the importance of celebr ity endorsement. Mintels Sports Enthusiasts-U.S., July 2007, found that 38% of obsessed sports enthusiasts purchased licensed sports clothing in the past months (Mintel, 2008).Like many industries, the athletic shoe industry is facing difficulaty due to the state of our economny. While there has been steady growth in the industry, inflated prices are causing sales to remain static (Mintel, 2008). The competition for market share in the athletic shoe industry is a thre at because of innovative brands in the industry. On the other hand, technological advancements in terms of promotion and product pose exciting opportunities. There are also opportunities to reach the consumers at department stores, where sales are currently down 21.8%(Mintel, 2008). Competitive Analysis Many companies that vie to capture the purchases of consumers across the nation in the market of athletic shoes. However, NIKE dominates a majority of the market share for athletic shoes This fact is clearly evident from the pie chart located in Appendix A, Figure 1. According to the data from Market Share Reporter, the NIKE brand alone owns a 35.21 percent market share, a giant portion of the total market (Ed. Robert S. Lazich and Virgil L. Burton, III). Additionally, the same report notes that two NIKE subsidiary companies own marginal portions of the market, with Jordan brand shoes having a 10.83 percent market share and Converse owning 2.83 percent of the market. Jordan and Converse offer niche-specific athletic shoes. Jordan offers shoes tailored for basketball players and Converse aims towards style over function. These brands would not take away sales from NIKE if the company chose to market towards urban, casual runners.NIKE has a few clear-cut competitors in the market for a thletic shoes.Adidas stands as NIKEs top competitor. Adidas has the marketing power to expand its brand and positive brand standing within the industry: the company will sponsor the 2012 Olympics in London (London 2012 Olympic Partners). Adidas can steal casual, urban runners who have preconceived notions of NIKE as a brand strictly for the competitor. Adidass brand owns 32 percent of the market for athletic shoes (Ed. Robert S. Lazich and Virgil L. Burton, III). The Reebok brand is a subsidiary of Adidas that also owns a decent portion of the market. While much of Reeboks 6 income is from apparel and cleat sales, its athletic shoes own about 2.58 percent of the market for athletic shoes (Ed. Robert S. Lazich and Virgil L.Burton, III). Reebok, however, is aggressively moving to increase its market share this year. Their updated line of Zigtech shoes position the brand as a fitness shoe instead of a competitive shoe (Reebok Zigactive: Ochocinco vs. Annie). Reebok has also upped its s ocial media efforts to cater to the interactivity consumers gravitate towards. The American-owned company New Balance poses a viable risk to NIKEs market holdings. The company is the only shoe manufacturer to still manufacture in the U.S., though some of its operations have moved oversees. This may entice Americans who prefer purchasing shoes from an American born and made company (which may be older American citizens). New Balance owns 5.05 percent of the market (Ed. Robert S. Lazich and Virgil L. Burton, III).Skechers, with their shape up brand, own 4.61 percent of the market for athletic shoes (Ed. Robert S. Lazich and Virgil L. Burton, III). Skechers has built their brands image around the casual runner. Their shape-ups product has attracted some casual runners, especially women,due to its combination of fashion and comfort in an athletic shoe.Finally, Japanese company Asics owns a 2.83 percent share of the athletic shoe market (Ed. Robert S. Lazich and Virgil L. Burton, III). Asics has gained ground steadily in recent years after being virtually unknown in the past. They do not stand as much of a threat to NIKE in their current position.Looking at all of NIKEs competition this year, the two companies that pose the largest threat to NIKE are Adidas and Reebok. Adidas controls the largest portion of the athletic shoe market outside of NIKE and its subsidiaries. Their newer Adidas is All In advertisements seek to position their brand as an exciting product that can make any person feel like a rock star (Adidas Is All In). Reebok, though they do not control the largest portion of the shoe market outside of NIKE, is making a push to promote their products as catering to the lifestyles of the consumers. The company has recently launched an improved line, zigtech, that helps the consumer enjoy the sport of fitness with their innovative design and responsive cushioning (Reebok Zigactive: Ochocinco vs. Annie). In the coming sales year, Adidas and Reebok have the potential to steal urban, casual runners from NIKEs current market holding. Brand Analysis NIKE currently positions its brand towards the competitive athlete. For years, the companys motto has been Just Do It, embodying the spirit of athletes who perform well under any circumstances. On NIKEs corporate website, the company states its mission is, to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world...if you have a body, you are an athlete. (About NIKE, Inc.) NIKE makes a statement by saying everyone can be an athlete by wearing their shoes, creating emotional attachments that connect consumers with feelings of empowerment; this gives NIKE the advantage of reaching the self-expressive level of benefits with its consumers. The idea that NIKE can give you a leg up on the competition is a heavy emotional benefit that drives the current brand image of NIKEs athletic shoes. Consumers around the world also trust NIKE as a dependable brand (Mintel, 2011).In its advertising campaigns today, NIKE attempts to capture consumers through functional and emotional benefits. In its Make it count campaign, NIKE shows people all across the country performing a variety of athletic activities in the NIKE shoes, showing the functional benefit of the shoes to be that they allow the owner to participate in any activity to their fullest (NIKE, #makeitcount). The ad then moves into the companys new slogan, Make it count, creating the emotional appeal that NIKE shoes will help the consumers to create a difference in their lifestyles through their actions. Overall, the ad campaign creates a brand personality that marvels NIKE as both an exciting and successful product which gives consumers the ability to perform at a greater level while feeling important in their new shoes.NIKEs main competitor, Adidas, also attempts to reach the more active athletes who strive to defeat their competition. Adidas tries to prove that their shoe will make athletes more prepared to face the competition through the use of their shoes. On the companys website, Adidas lists two of its goa ls in its mission. They say, We are innovation and design leaders who seek to help athletes of all skill levels achieve peak performance with every product we bring to market. We are consumer focused, (About Us, Adidas-group.com). This is where Adidas differentiates themselves from NIKEs strategies. Adidas tries to create top-of-mind brandpresence while associating shoes with innovation and change. They help consumers see that they can live a life of glory with the brands shoes.In their recent Adidas Is All In campaign, Adidas has effectively brought about functional and emotional attributes relating to the brand (Adidas, Adidas Is All In Commercial). Their sixty-second spot aired over television and the Internet, showing a functional benefit of asleek, comfortable shoe that can help the consumer accomplish active tasks to the best of their ability. Adidas, however, separates from NIKE through their emotional appeals. In the sixty-second spot, everyone from athletes to citizens are HAVING FUN and creating lasting experiences. When Adidas says that they are All In, they create a brand personality geared towards those looking for excitement in their athletic and running experiences rather then just function.Following the lead of Adidas, Reebok creates a brand that is based around the consumer. Their slogan, I am what I am, stresses the idea that Reeboks shoes can serve many different purposes to different types of consumers. On their company website, Reebok has a box at the top of the screen that says, I want with the ability for the consumer to add information based upon their interests (Reebok.com).Reebok has created a brand image and personality that puts the consumer first. Their shoes inspire the consumer to be whatever they wish, but be aided in their tasks by what they wear. This is important, because Reebok isnt forcing their consumers to have a competitive athlete persona.Reebok also largely differentiates from its competitive field through its innovati on in functional benefits. Their new lines of Zigtech shoes promote comfort and performance in their unique design. The common human being works out and matches NFL star Chad Ochocinco in all activites during the course of the commercial, showing the functional benefits of the shoe by saying that it will help to better your workout performance (Reebok, Reebok Zigactive: Ochocinco vs. Annie). At the end of the commercial, text says The Sport of Fitness hasArrived. In separating sport from fitness, Reebok has created an emotional appeal towards the runners and workout experts that can create brand loyalty. Consumer Analysis NIKE, for years, has put forth a tremendous amount of effort in order to preserve a large following of consumers who remain loyal to the brand and what it stands for. The current users of NIKE branded shoes come from a wide variety of demographic backgrounds. Among the many consumers who use NIKEs athletic shoes, a clear split among male and female consumers exists, with males making up 50.7% sales to the 49.3% of sales from females (Mediamark,2010). Most of the consumers of NIKE products went off to college, with 58.6% of the consumers having either attended college or gone on past a four-year college to graduate school (Mediamark, 2010). Some age segments purchase more shoes then others. The largest purchasers to increase the sales of the brands products; consumers age 18-24 make up the market sector that could be receptive to new ads focusing on a casual running experience that would encourageurban runners to buy NIKE shoes. Consumers within the ages of 18 to 24 years old are more likely to try out new athletic shoe brands on a more consistent basis then any other age group (Mintel, 2008). This age group also uses athletic shoes in a fairly consistent manner, exercising more then any other age group. Around 54% of this age group runs or jogs regularly as opposed to much lower numbers in older generations (Mintel, 2008). Additionally, New Balance and Reebok have created more brand loyalty among older consumers (Mintel, 2008). It would be difficult to change the perception of NIKE products to older generations who have already formulated their beliefs about running shoe brands. In marketing a casual, non-competitiveatmosphere associated with NIKE shoes to urban runners between the ages of 18-24, the products can become top-of-mind to this age group. The age group stands as a mix of emergent consumers. In creating positive associations related to a casual experience with the products, NIKE can make the 18-24 year old consumers brand loyal going into the future and increase the companys total sales now and in the future. Creative Analysis NIKE, Inc.s newest ad campaign is an international campaign titled Make It Count, which focuses on the new Nike Fuelband product. (NIKE Inc, 2012). The #makeitcount text is also included in many of the advertisements. The campaign focuses on the concept of making what a person does in life count or hold significance by inferring that life itself is a sport that must be won. This campaigns American advertisements focus on a spectrum of bright red, yellow, and green often blending together, while many of the ads also use neutrals and dull backgrounds to make the main colors pop. The commercials contain a mash-up of different advertisements Overall the ad entices viewers by creating a desire to see what the advertisement is about, but there is no explanation other than brief but intense imagery of strength training. This campaign is functional, introducing the mash up of different athletes wearing NIKE products and excelling at the activities they are performing. These commercials also include shots of urban environments, such as a busy street, graffiti covered walls, skylines, and a busy flight of stairs. Upbeat alternative rock music is a prominent feature, and many of these ads include font, or a voice over explaining the new Nike Fuel product. (Youtube/Nike, 2012) Both the print and commercial advertisements use a strong bold font in all capital letters, and the font is usually black, white, red or green depending on the background of the image (Appendix A, Figure 2). This campaign is self-expressive and focuses and an adventure and ambition appeal by showing unknown talented young athletes, making consumers desire to be like them. Using people who appear to be real life Nike consumers instead of celebrities make this concept morerealistic and reachable to consumers.Reeboks newest 2012 campaign is for the co-branded deal with the brand CrossFit (Zmuda 2011). The campaign titled The Sport of Fitness Has Arrived focuses on strength and conditioning programs, and how staying fit can also be a sport. The premiere commercial of this campaign opens with a helicopter, and then shows an unseen object being placed in a train car. The bulk of the commercial focuses on the train car being transported in different ways throughout the world, while onlookers stop what they are doing to watch. Stereotypical action movie music is played as the red train cars are transported, until they reach their destination; the consumer. One brave consumer opens the train car, and the commercial immediately changes to shots of people partaking in an extreme fitness and weight training routine as the music becomes more intense. The Sport Of Fitness Has Arrived appears, looking as though it was spray-painted on a wall, then the brands appear for the last two seconds of the commercial. (Youtube/Reebok, 2012) (Zmuda 2012).CrossFit and Reebok brands. However, due to the fact that the Reebok/CrossFit agreement was signed for ten years, it will be likely to see more emotional end self expressive traits in the campaigns once familiarity is established.(Zmuna, 2012)Adidas takes a creative route by focusing on big names and star power to bring attention to the company in its most recent campaigns. The adidas by Stella McCartney SS collection advertising campaign features multiple commercials of the same model featured wearing different clothing in different exotic locations with the same song Education by Femme. This campaign features a self-expressive appeal by m aking the brand fashionable and desirable to the audience. (SS12 Collection, www.youtube.com/adidas) The Adidas All In campaign features celebrities such as Katy Perry, Derrick Rose, and B.o.B, but focuses more on their star power rather than their academic performance (explaining why non athletes such as Katy Perry are being featured) (Youtube/Adidas, 2012). The use of celebrities is another self-expressive brand position, since they are not focusing on introducing the products, but rather depending on fans of these stars to purchase the products they are promoting. (Griner, 2011) Media Analysis In 2011, NIKE, Inc. focused most of their advertisements on television, magazines, and the Internet. 64% were on television, 32% were in magazines, and 4% was on the Internet, which cost NIKE a total of 38.5 million dollars (Appendix A, Figure 3). Although NIKE used some advertisements in smaller areas, such as spot television (.12%), the National Newspaper (.37%), Daily Newspapers (.18%), and outdoor advertisements (.33%), their main focus was to put in places where they thought most consumers today would be. NIKE did a good job at trying to spread their advertisements out to places where the most amount of consumers could see them. Like NIKE, Reebok put most of their advertisements on television (76%), magazines (22%), and the Internet (2%) (Appendix A, Figure 4). In addition, they also put advertisements outside (.23%), but their focus was more on the other three. Out of NIKE, Adidas, and themselves, Reebok was the company that had the least amount of diversity of ads (in the least amount of places) but spent the most money of these companies on advertising costs-totaling upto a whopping 51.4 million dollars (Ad$pender). Last year, Adidas spent most of their advertising money on television (71%) and magazines (13%) like NIKE, but they also put more ads on syndication (8%), theInternet(7%),and outside advertisements (1%) compared to the other two companies (Appendix A, Figure 5).This gave Adidas an advantage because they had advertisements in two more places than NIKE-making people want to buy their brand and resulting in more overall sales. In addition, Adidas also spent the least amount of money on these ads-only adding up to 19.5 million in 2011(Ad$pender). Therefore, Adidas is our biggest competitor, so we need to put more advertisements where they have in the past to make their customers more interested in our brand. Although bothAdidas and Reebok, NIKEs two biggest competitors, spent more money on their television advertisements than NIKE did last year (Adidas spent 71% and Reebok spent 76%), Adidas is still our biggest threat because they have a larger variety of places where they publish their advertisements.The biggest change that NIKE needs is to develop a stronger social media strategy campaign. For example, social media networks, like Facebook and Twitter, are the most usedwebsites of our typical NIKE target consumer. Since our target consumer is under the age of thirty years old, either male or female, lives in an urban area, and isnt necessarily athletic but enjoys working out, these social media networks are fun and exciting for trying to attract this new kind of customer to our company. In the past, with our Just Do It camp aign, we were focusing more on the competitive, dedicated athlete, when we need to be focusing more on the lifestyles that our target audience portrays in todays society. NIKE shoes can be used in anyway a person wants to-whether it is competing against others, for fun activities or simply just for daily use. With our new campaign, #makeitcount, and addition to putting more advertisements on theInternet(specifically Facebook and Twitter), NIKE will soon catch up to our top competitors in the places where our target audience is-on social media networks. Public Relations Analysis NIKE, Inc. has always been held in the highest, most respectable regards. With few glitches along the way, NIKE has become the worlds number one athletic shoe company in only four decades of development. Now an official sponsor of the National Football League as well as multiple other national teams, NIKE has run excellent advertisement campaigns and won many awards. The public relations tactic of NIKE has always been a positive message of diversity, innovation, and inspiration.With fresh campaigns each year, and sometimes many times per year, NIKE has the ability to keep in touch with its young consumers. A good example of such a campaign was the recent Write the Future campaign for consumer participation. A more recent call for amateur athletes to compete for a commercial spotlight was also successful. With famous tennis, footballand basketball stars, NIKE manages to stay trendy with young generations and hold their attention long enough to inspire.In 2004, the Nike Foundation was established with the mission to improve the lives of adolescent girls in third world countries. Within the last decade, the company has paved the way for Fortune 500 companies to instate recycling programs and the reduction of carbon emission. NIKE has also been placed as one of the Worlds Most Ethical Companies, Greatest Places to Work and Top Places To Launch A Career. For nine years, the company has also been voted as one of the Best American companies for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender employees (Nike.com). With such a positive brand image, NIKE may seem indestructible, however, trouble came with the guilty plea to running an interstate dogfighting ring by endorser Michael Vick.Though the companys partnership with Vick was terminated, more trouble arrived nearly nine years after sponsoring professional golfer, Tiger Woods, with the allegations and admittance of an extramarital affair.Multiple endorsers of Woods did not remain with him when the scandal made headlines, bu t NIKE stood by their top producer of golf product sales, hoping for a steady rate of return in sales despite his misrepresentation. Though NIKE lost 105,000 customers, ditching Woods could have cost the company $1.6 million in profits (Schultz, 2010). Months after the breaking news faded, the company produced a television commercial with Woods father asking Woods questions about the scandal. Woods responded truthfully, fessing up to the dramatic incident of his infidelity. NIKE has also chosen to continue sponsoring Penn State athletics through the tumultuous sex abuse scandal involving head football coach, Joe Paterno, in 2011 and have no plans to change the name of their Joe Paterno Child Development Center building despite pressure by upset NIKE consumers (Thomaselli, 2011). Despite ethical concerns of consumers and critics, NIKE has continued to blossom in the face of adversity, also standing by NBA star,Kobe Bryant, after allegations of sexual assault.To maintain a positive pu blic image NIKE sponsors high school sports events, endorses a Reuse-A-Shoe program, and has made charitable donations of millions of dollars (Nike.com). However, work must be done to recover the companys profile amongst human rights activists and organizations in the wake of multiple lawsuits in 2004. Nike has faced several obstacles when it comes to unequal pay of workers, harsh and toxic work environments, child labor, sexual harassment, and unionization (Teinowitz, 2003). Though NIKE attempted to regain positive perceptions with the No Sweat Challenge against internationally sweatshop-produced sneakers, they have not found much success.In 2008, Adidas began their Celebrate Originality campaign, which featured in-store workshops to create personalized shoes. Interactive television touchscreens and cameras were present to create a different, interactive, and memorable experience for the customers. The company also launched Adidas.tv featuring claymation films, celebrity Youtube vi deos, and shopping. An earlier partnership with denim apparel company, Diesel, inspired the Originals line for the true aficionados denim and sneakers. Like NIKE, Adidas has faced a few hardships, namely through charges of withholding employee compensation (Mirando, 2012). The company promised there would be no future abuses.Reebok has approached demographics differently in their sales and campaigning. In 2005, the company launched a young Latino website called Barrio BBK for the U.S. Hispanic market. The site features videos, games, and music. Everything is written in Spanglish, indicating a sense of assimilation, the music is reggaeton, the feel is urban, and the advertisements feature famous Latino singers, actors and athletes. Following the success of the site was Reeboks partnership for the production of a new sneaker with Daddy Yankee. This partnership was a smart move, as Daddy Yankee is an enormous Latin pop icon. The company has also worked with singers Katy Perry and B.o.B ., athlete David Beckham, and the infamous Kardashian family. Reebok has had difficulties in their public relations department due to failed guarantees of their Reetone sneakers. With many dissatisfied customers, Reebok has been forced to pay $25 million in FTC violations (Crain, 1997). In addition, the EasyTone campaign that attempted to promote the Reetone in its early days failed because of its alleged sexism and blatant objectification. Interactive Media Analysis Interactive elements of a brands integrated positioning strategy are essential to its sales success. In todays technology-driven world, target consumers are accessible via the Internet (Clancey Kreig, 2010). Websites need to be well designed and developed to provide aesthetics, usability, user experience, and responsive elements.NIKE Inc. has a range of interactive tools that allow users to experience the brand first-hand (Nike, 2012). The repetitive use of Twitter.com hash tags and the ability for users to share experiences help consumers hear the thoughts of their peers and adopt opinions. A Pew Research Center survey conducted in 2011 found,Twitter use by Internetusers ages 25-34 has doubled since late 2010 (from 9% to 19%) (Smith, 2011). This survey also explains users are twice aslikely to use Twitter if they live inurban areas, which directly appliesto our target segment.Overall, the exceptional interaction level offered by Nike.com helps build positive feelings about the bran d by making the NIKE brand transparent and accessible.A variety of NIKE Inc. child websites provide sport-specific information for competitive athletes.This ensures users will visit the NIKE Inc. website for activities separate from online purchasing. This strategy heightens the likelihood of brand exposure and adds to users value of the NIKE brand. The overall experience of NIKE.com is improved for users whoseinterests align with these child websites; however, casual runners are not addressed in most of the content.NIKE.com excels in both function and aesthetic (Appendix A, Figure 6). Awwards.com lists one of NIKEs child websites as a Best CSS Website, a prominent design award (CSSAwards, 2012). Nike.coms simple interface ensures a pleasant user experience through the conventional navigation system, clear language, and concise content. Action photographs of athletic, healthy men and women are featured on most of the pages. Overall, the websites style works to create a young,energet ic image for Nike.com. As NIKEs largest competitor, Adidass website features similar interaction options (Adidas, 2012). The homepage includes a large banner that responds to mouse movements to offer individualized interaction opportunities. The links include options likereading about Adidas basketball on Facebook or following Adidas marketers on Twitter.However, most of the Adidas interaction options are geared towards competitive athletes through the intimidating imagery, titles, and content. Specific options for casual or beginning runners are not included on the homepage.Adidas website is centered around sales. Instead of creating content or articles to entice visitors to stay on Adidas.com and interact with their products, Adidass main navigation contains links to sub-brands. These pages contain a few story previews and video clips, but they focus on products and product descriptions. Casual runners will find no specific informationrelating to their athletic apparel or shoe needs in these pages.Aesthe tically, Adidas is similar to Nike, providing a clean layout and interesting visuals (Appendix A, figure 7). Photographs feature professional athletes and interesting action shots, but fail to reference casual runners. The function of the website is effective. Users can easily find 20 products, information, and interaction opportunities. Reebok launched a new website on March of this year. The website focuses on an interaction element similar to the up-and-coming social media trend of pinning. Videomaterial, articles, and images are all linked on the homepage and serve as interesting, interactive elements for users. In addition to this pin board interaction, a search bar located near the primary site navigation allows users to search for what they want with just a few keystrokes (Reebok International Ltd., 2012).With the redesign, Reebok added much more accessible and applicable content. Now, articles and tutorials are placed on the homepage where viewers will quickly see them. This brand interaction will help Reebok keep visitors on their website for activities besides shopping.The new aesthetic and function of Reebok.com are almost equal that of NIKE and Adidas(Appendix A, figure 8). The website is functional and simple to navigate, providing the trendy pinboard navigation and clear secondary link system. Similarly , the design is simple, minimalistic, appealing to young visitors. SWOT Analysis One of NIKEs largest strengths is the brands ability to reach a self-expressive level of consumer engagement by giving the users the feeling that the NIKE brand empowers wearers. Additionally, NIKE exists as extremely brand loyal because they have created an image of dependability and trust among consumers. NIKE has an excellent interactive campaign, but they demonstrate a huge weakness by not including the up-and-coming social media phenomenon ofpin boards in their interactive strategy. NIKE also seems to alienate the casual running community by focusing too much on the competitive aspect of running and athletics. Opportunities forNIKE lie in advertising spending online to increase brand awareness for casual running experiences, as only four percent of the companys current media is focused in an online environment as opposed to higher percentages by their competitors.NIKE can also sponsor running events to gain non-competitive consumers who enjoy fitness and running as a hobby.Reebok and Adidas new brand messages, which the images build running and fitness as fun and innovative rather than solely competitive, pose a threat to NIKE because the companies can steal away urban runners who want a more laid back experience.